Spinal stenosis is a condition where the spinal canal (the space that houses the spinal cord and nerves) narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. This narrowing can occur in any part of the spine, but it's most common in the lumbar spine (lower back) and cervical spine (neck).
Causes of Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is often the result of age-related changes in the spine, but it can also be caused by other factors, including:
- Degenerative Changes (Osteoarthritis): As we age, the cartilage in the joints between the vertebrae can wear down, leading to the formation of bone spurs (osteophytes) that narrow the spinal canal.
- Herniated Discs: When the cushioning discs between the vertebrae bulge or rupture, they can press on nearby nerves and narrow the spinal canal.
- Thickened Ligaments: The ligaments that support the spine may thicken over time, narrowing the space in the spinal canal.
- Spinal Injuries: Fractures or dislocations of the vertebrae can lead to misalignment or abnormal growth that narrows the spinal canal.
- Congenital Stenosis: Some people are born with a naturally narrow spinal canal, which can increase the risk of spinal stenosis later in life.
- Spondylolisthesis: This condition occurs when one vertebra slips forward over another, potentially narrowing the spinal canal.
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
The symptoms can vary depending on the location of the stenosis (cervical or lumbar spine) and how much pressure is placed on the spinal cord or nerve roots. Common symptoms include:
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (Lower Back)
- Lower back pain: Often worsens with standing or walking, and relieved by sitting or bending forward.
- Leg pain: Known as neurogenic claudication, this involves pain, numbness, or tingling in the legs, especially when walking or standing for long periods.
- Weakness: Difficulty walking, balance problems, or a feeling of heaviness in the legs.
- Foot drop: In severe cases, you may have trouble lifting your foot or foot dragging due to nerve compression.
Cervical Spinal Stenosis (Neck)
- Neck pain: Often accompanied by stiffness or discomfort.
- Arm pain or weakness: Pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness in the shoulders, arms, hands, or fingers.
- Difficulty walking: Balance problems or coordination difficulties, often referred to as myelopathy.
- Loss of fine motor skills: Trouble with tasks that require hand dexterity, such as buttoning a shirt.
Prevention and Lifestyle Adjustments
While spinal stenosis is often age-related and cannot be completely prevented, there are things you can do to slow its progression and manage symptoms:
- Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts more pressure on your spine, so maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce strain.
- Exercise regularly: Focus on exercises that strengthen the core, glutes and back muscles, which help support the spine.
- Practice good posture: Proper posture when sitting, standing, and walking can reduce the stress on your spine.
- Stretch regularly: Stretching can help maintain flexibility in the spine and surrounding muscles.
If you think you may have spinal stenosis, it may be a good idea to come in and see the Myotherapists at Canterbury Health Hub. Here we can perform a thorough assessment, and provide a tailored treatment and management plan.