Arthritis is a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints, which can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced movement. It affects people of all ages and can occur in any joint in the body. There are many different types of arthritis, but the two most common are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Common Types of Arthritis:
Osteoarthritis (OA):
- The most common form, often referred to as "wear-and-tear" arthritis.
- It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced motion.
- OA typically affects joints like the knees, hips, hands, and spine.
- Risk factors include age, family history, previous joint injuries, and obesity.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
- An autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing inflammation.
- RA typically affects joints on both sides of the body, such as the wrists, knees, and fingers.
- Over time, this inflammation can lead to joint damage and deformities.
- RA can also affect other parts of the body, such as the eyes, lungs, and heart.
Psoriatic Arthritis:
- A type of arthritis that affects some people with psoriasis, a skin condition.
- It can affect any part of the body, including the fingers, toes, and spine, and causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Gout:
- Caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden, severe pain and swelling, often in the big toe.
- It can be triggered by certain foods, alcohol, dehydration, and obesity.
Ankylosing Spondylitis:
- A chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine, causing pain and stiffness in the back, and potentially leading to the fusion of the spine over time.
Lupus:
- An autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation in various joints, as well as other organs like the skin, kidneys, and heart.
Symptoms of Arthritis:
- Pain: Varies from mild to severe and may come and go.
- Swelling: The affected joints may appear swollen and feel tender.
- Stiffness: Reduced ability to move the joint, especially in the morning or after sitting for long periods.
- Redness and warmth: Inflammation can cause joints to appear red and feel warm to the touch.
- Fatigue: Many types of arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can cause tiredness and low energy levels.
Diagnosis:
- Physical Examination: A healthcare provider may check for joint tenderness, swelling, and range of motion.
- Blood Tests: These can help identify markers of inflammation or autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP).
- Imaging: X-rays, MRI, and ultrasound can be used to assess joint damage, inflammation, and other changes.
Treatment:
While there's no cure for arthritis, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Medications:
- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter options like acetaminophen or NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen can help with pain and inflammation.
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis to slow disease progression.
- Biologics: Targeted medications that can help regulate the immune system in autoimmune types of arthritis.
- Corticosteroids: These can be injected into joints to reduce inflammation quickly.
Physical Therapy:
- Physical therapy and exercise can improve joint function, increase strength, and reduce stiffness.
- Low-impact activities like swimming or walking are often recommended to maintain joint mobility.
Surgery:
- In severe cases where joint damage is significant, surgical options like joint replacement or joint fusion may be necessary, particularly in osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
Lifestyle Modifications:
- Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
- Diet: Anti-inflammatory foods like omega-3-rich fish, fruits, and vegetables can help reduce symptoms, while processed foods may worsen inflammation.
Assistive Devices:
- Braces, splints, or specialised footwear can help stabilise joints and reduce discomfort.
Arthritis can be a lifelong condition, but many people with arthritis can lead active and fulfilling lives with proper management. It's important to work closely with a healthcare team to find the right combination of treatments, exercise, and lifestyle changes that suit individual needs.
If you suspect you have arthritis or are experiencing joint pain, book in with one of our osteopaths, myotherapists or remedial massage therapists here at Canterbury Health Hub for assessment, treatment and management tips.